Species
Cattle
A welfare-monitoring species where the value is longitudinal: deviation from an individual or herd baseline matters more than any single call.
Acoustic profile
What a recording device must capture.
Fundamental frequency
50–700 Hz
Meaningful spectrum
30 Hz – 8.0 kHz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Individual profiles
Supported
Capture note
Low-frequency close calls made with a closed mouth are directed at calves; open-mouth high calls carry much further. The two are acoustically distinct and must not be pooled.
Signature signals
What an experienced observer looks for in this species.
Closed-mouth low call
audioShort-range maternal call directed at a calf.
Open-mouth high call
audioHigh-arousal long-distance call, often separation or hunger.
Ear-back posture
videoAssociated with negative affective states in welfare studies.
Behaviours
Categories the engine may report — and the ones it must never report for this species.
Supported
Excluded for this species
Excluded categories are removed before ranking, so they can never win on a superficial signal match.
Taxonomy
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Chordata
- class
- Mammalia
- order
- Artiodactyla
- family
- Bovidae
- genus
- Bos
- species
- Bos taurus
Body-language channels
Only these are weighed for this species.
Limitations
- • Herd recordings rarely isolate a single caller.
- • Welfare-relevant vocal changes are subtle and need a per-individual baseline to be meaningful.
Species adapter
Adapter
bovine-adapter@0.1.0
Provenance
Priors derived from published bovine welfare and vocalisation-valence literature.
Breeds offered
Holstein Friesian, Jersey, Angus, Hereford, Gir, Sahiwal, Brahman, Other