Species directory

Every species carries its own physics.

Acoustic range, meaningful body-language channels, plausible behaviours and — importantly — an honest note about what a recording device can actually capture.

Companion animals

Domestic dog

Canis lupus familiaris

Companion

The most studied companion species in behavioural science, and the one where audio, posture and context most reliably combine into an interpretable signal.

Fundamental range
70–1800 Hz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Species detail →

Domestic cat

Felis catus

Companion

Highly individual vocal repertoires make cats the clearest demonstration of why a per-animal baseline matters more than a species-level average.

Fundamental range
25–2200 Hz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Species detail →

Horse

Equus ferus caballus

Trained handlingCompanion

A prey species whose most informative channels are postural and facial rather than vocal, and where separation is the dominant driver of calling.

Fundamental range
60–2200 Hz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Species detail →

African grey parrot

Psittacus erithacus

Trained handlingCompanion

A vocal-learning species where mimicry must be separated from species-typical calls before any interpretation is attempted.

Fundamental range
200–8000 Hz
Recommended sample rate
48.0 kHz
Species detail →

Livestock

Cattle

Bos taurus

Trained handlingLivestock

A welfare-monitoring species where the value is longitudinal: deviation from an individual or herd baseline matters more than any single call.

Fundamental range
50–700 Hz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Species detail →

Wild species

African bush elephant

Loxodonta africana

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

Long-distance infrasonic coordination makes elephants the clearest case for treating context and group movement as first-class signals rather than audio alone.

Fundamental range
5–500 Hz
Recommended sample rate
48.0 kHz
Species detail →

Lion

Panthera leo

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

Territorial broadcast calling and coordinated pride behaviour, where the interesting signal is usually the group response rather than the call.

Fundamental range
15–700 Hz
Recommended sample rate
48.0 kHz
Species detail →

Rhesus macaque

Macaca mulatta

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

Dense social signalling with rapid facial expressions, where the value is in the interaction structure rather than any single call.

Fundamental range
150–4000 Hz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Species detail →

Chimpanzee

Pan troglodytes

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

Structured, multi-phase calls layered over rapid gestural communication — the species where temporal sequence carries the most meaning.

Fundamental range
120–2500 Hz
Recommended sample rate
44.1 kHz
Species detail →

Western lowland gorilla

Gorilla gorilla gorilla

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

Quiet, close-range communication punctuated by rare high-intensity displays — a species where absence of vocalisation is itself informative.

Fundamental range
40–900 Hz
Recommended sample rate
48.0 kHz
Species detail →

Common bottlenose dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

The clearest illustration of honest capture limits: without a hydrophone the primary communication channel is simply not observed, and the product says so.

Fundamental range
800–30000 Hz
Recommended sample rate
192.0 kHz
Species detail →

Grey wolf

Canis lupus

Do not approachFree-ranging wild

Long-range territorial chorus calling where the group structure of the signal matters far more than any individual howl.

Fundamental range
150–1000 Hz
Recommended sample rate
48.0 kHz
Species detail →

Adding a species

A species is data, not code: a taxonomy entry, an acoustic profile, a list of meaningful body-language channels, the behaviours it can and cannot produce, its safety guidance and its honest limitations. Adding one requires no change to the analysis pipeline. What it does require is someone who knows the species well enough to write those limitations honestly.

Work with us on a species →