Species
Grey wolf
Long-range territorial chorus calling where the group structure of the signal matters far more than any individual howl.
Wild species
- • Never approach, follow or feed wolves, and never approach a den or rendezvous site.
- • Do not use howl playback. It draws animals toward people, alters territorial behaviour and is prohibited in this product.
- • Store food securely and keep dogs leashed in wolf range.
Acoustic profile
What a recording device must capture.
Fundamental frequency
150–1000 Hz
Meaningful spectrum
60 Hz – 12.0 kHz
Recommended sample rate
48.0 kHz
Individual profiles
Supported
Capture note
Howls are frequency-modulated and are usually recorded at long range, where the atmosphere removes the upper harmonics. Chorus howls contain multiple individuals whose counts cannot be read directly from the spectrum.
Signature signals
What an experienced observer looks for in this species.
Chorus howl
audioMultiple overlapping howls with deliberate frequency divergence.
Tail carriage
videoHeight relative to the spine encodes social confidence.
Muzzle-grasp / muzzle-lick
videoRitualised dominance and appeasement interaction.
Behaviours
Categories the engine may report — and the ones it must never report for this species.
Supported
Excluded for this species
Excluded categories are removed before ranking, so they can never win on a superficial signal match.
Taxonomy
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Chordata
- class
- Mammalia
- order
- Carnivora
- family
- Canidae
- genus
- Canis
- species
- Canis lupus
Body-language channels
Only these are weighed for this species.
Limitations
- • Chorus howls cannot be used to count pack members reliably.
- • Howling function is territorial and social; it is not a response to the observer.
Species adapter
Adapter
wolf-adapter@0.1.0
Provenance
Priors derived from published Canis lupus howling and pack-behaviour literature.